{"id":2695,"date":"2025-12-14T14:52:19","date_gmt":"2025-12-14T13:52:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/?page_id=2695"},"modified":"2025-12-14T14:52:19","modified_gmt":"2025-12-14T13:52:19","slug":"ls-lister-les-fichiers-et-dossiers-dans-un-repertoire-sous-linux","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/ls-lister-les-fichiers-et-dossiers-dans-un-repertoire-sous-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Ls &#8211; Lister les fichiers et dossiers dans un r\u00e9pertoire sous Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction \u00e0 la commande ls<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>La commande <strong>ls<\/strong> (abr\u00e9viation de <strong>list<\/strong>) est l\u2019une des commandes les plus utilis\u00e9es dans le terminal Linux. Elle permet d\u2019afficher le contenu d\u2019un r\u00e9pertoire (fichiers et dossiers).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lister les fichiers et dossiers dans un r\u00e9pertoire.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Afficher des informations d\u00e9taill\u00e9es (permissions, propri\u00e9taire, taille, date de modification, etc.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Filtrer ou trier les r\u00e9sultats selon des crit\u00e8res sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Syntaxe de base<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>ls [options] [r\u00e9pertoire]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>options<\/strong>\u00a0: Param\u00e8tres pour personnaliser l\u2019affichage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>r\u00e9pertoire<\/strong>\u00a0: Chemin du r\u00e9pertoire \u00e0 lister (par d\u00e9faut, le r\u00e9pertoire courant).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Options courantes<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Option<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Description<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>-l<\/code><\/td><td>Affichage d\u00e9taill\u00e9 (format long)&nbsp;: permissions, propri\u00e9taire, taille, date, etc.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-a<\/code><\/td><td>Affiche tous les fichiers, y compris les fichiers cach\u00e9s (commencent par .).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-h<\/code><\/td><td>Affiche les tailles de fichiers dans un format lisible (Ko, Mo, Go).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-r<\/code><\/td><td>Inverse l\u2019ordre de tri (par d\u00e9faut, tri alphab\u00e9tique).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-t<\/code><\/td><td>Trie les fichiers par date de modification (du plus r\u00e9cent au plus ancien).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-R<\/code><\/td><td>Affiche le contenu des sous-r\u00e9pertoires de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9cursive<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-d<\/code><\/td><td>Affiche les informations sur le r\u00e9pertoire lui-m\u00eame, et non son contenu.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-i<\/code><\/td><td>Affiche le num\u00e9ro d\u2019inode de chaque fichier.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-F<\/code><\/td><td>Ajoute un indicateur (\/ pour les dossiers, * pour les ex\u00e9cutables).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemples d\u2019utilisation<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Affichage basique&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Liste les fichiers et dossiers du r\u00e9pertoire courant.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Affichage d\u00e9taill\u00e9&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls -l<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Affiche les permissions, le propri\u00e9taire, la taille, la date de modification, etc.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Afficher les fichiers cach\u00e9s&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls -a<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Inclut les fichiers cach\u00e9s (ex: .bashrc).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Affichage d\u00e9taill\u00e9 + tailles lisibles&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls -lh<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Affiche les tailles en Ko, Mo, Go.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trier par date de modification&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls -lt<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Affiche les fichiers du plus r\u00e9cent au plus ancien.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Affichage r\u00e9cursif&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls -R<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Affiche le contenu de tous les sous-r\u00e9pertoires.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Afficher le num\u00e9ro d\u2019inode&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls -i<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Utile pour identifier les fichiers sur le syst\u00e8me de fichiers.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Combinaison d\u2019options&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls -lha<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Affiche tous les fichiers (y compris cach\u00e9s), en format d\u00e9taill\u00e9, avec des tailles lisibles.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Personnalisation avanc\u00e9e<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Changer la couleur de l\u2019affichage<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par d\u00e9faut, <strong>ls<\/strong> utilise des couleurs pour distinguer les types de fichiers. Pour d\u00e9sactiver les couleurs&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls --color=never<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour forcer les couleurs&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls --color=always<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Utiliser des alias<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Vous pouvez cr\u00e9er des alias pour simplifier l\u2019utilisation de <strong>ls<\/strong>. Par exemple, dans votre fichier <strong>~\/.bashrc<\/strong>&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">alias ll='ls -lh'<br>alias la='ls -a'<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Apr\u00e8s avoir recharg\u00e9 le terminal (<strong>source ~\/.bashrc<\/strong>), tapez <strong>ll<\/strong> pour un affichage d\u00e9taill\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cas pratiques<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trouver le fichier le plus r\u00e9cent<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls -lt | head -n 2<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Affiche les 2 fichiers les plus r\u00e9cents.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lister uniquement les dossiers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls -d *\/<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Affiche uniquement les dossiers du r\u00e9pertoire courant.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compter le nombre de fichiers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls | wc -l<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Compte le nombre de fichiers et dossiers dans le r\u00e9pertoire courant.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction \u00e0 la commande ls La commande ls (abr\u00e9viation de list) est l\u2019une des commandes les plus utilis\u00e9es dans le terminal Linux. Elle permet d\u2019afficher le contenu d\u2019un r\u00e9pertoire (fichiers et dossiers). Syntaxe de base ls [options] [r\u00e9pertoire] Options courantes Option Description -l Affichage d\u00e9taill\u00e9 (format long)&nbsp;: permissions, propri\u00e9taire, taille, date, etc. -a Affiche tous [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2695","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2695","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2695"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2695\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2696,"href":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2695\/revisions\/2696"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2695"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}