{"id":2747,"date":"2025-12-23T11:37:03","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T10:37:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/?page_id=2747"},"modified":"2025-12-23T11:37:03","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T10:37:03","slug":"rechercher-des-fichiers-avec-locate","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/rechercher-des-fichiers-avec-locate\/","title":{"rendered":"Rechercher des fichiers avec locate"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Utilisation : Recherche rapide de fichiers en utilisant une base de donn\u00e9es pr\u00e9-index\u00e9e (plus rapide que find, mais moins flexible).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syntaxe de base<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

locate [option] \u00ab\u00a0motif\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rechercher un fichier par son nom :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

locate \"nom_du_fichier.txt\"<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pour rechercher tous les fichiers .pdf dans \/home\/dominique, de mani\u00e8re insensible \u00e0 la casse :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
locate -i \"\/home\/dominique\/*.pdf\"<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Remarques importantes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Base de donn\u00e9es : locate utilise une base de donn\u00e9es mise \u00e0 jour p\u00e9riodiquement (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement via cron). Pour forcer une mise \u00e0 jour manuelle :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo updatedb<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Tableau r\u00e9capitulatif<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Voici un tableau r\u00e9capitulatif des options les plus utiles de la commande locate en Bash, avec des exemples d’utilisation :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Option<\/strong><\/th>Description<\/strong><\/th>Exemple<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
(aucune option)<\/td>Recherche un fichier ou dossier dans la base de donn\u00e9es.<\/td>locate \u00ab\u00a0fichier.txt\u00a0\u00bb<\/td><\/tr>
-i<\/code><\/td>Recherche insensible \u00e0 la casse.<\/td>locate -i \u00ab\u00a0fichier.TXT\u00a0\u00bb<\/td><\/tr>
-b<\/code><\/td>Ne recherche que les chemins existants (ignore les liens symboliques cass\u00e9s).<\/td>locate -b \u00ab\u00a0\/chemin\/valide\u00a0\u00bb<\/td><\/tr>
-c<\/code><\/td>Compte le nombre de r\u00e9sultats trouv\u00e9s.<\/td>locate -c \u00ab\u00a0*.pdf\u00a0\u00bb<\/td><\/tr>
-l N<\/code><\/td>Limite le nombre de r\u00e9sultats \u00e0 N.<\/td>locate -l 10 \u00ab\u00a0fichier\u00a0\u00bb<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>Utilise une expression r\u00e9guli\u00e8re pour la recherche.<\/td>locate fichier[0-9].txt<\/td><\/tr>
-e<\/code><\/td>N’affiche que les fichiers existants (v\u00e9rifie en temps r\u00e9el).<\/td>locate -e \u00ab\u00a0fichier_important\u00a0\u00bb<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
les Jockers<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
La commande locate sous Linux n’utilise pas directement les expressions r\u00e9guli\u00e8res (ni BRE ni ERE). Elle est con\u00e7ue pour rechercher des fichiers ou des r\u00e9pertoires dans une base de donn\u00e9es pr\u00e9-construite, en se basant sur des motifs de noms de fichiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fonctionnement de locate<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Base de donn\u00e9es\u00a0: locate utilise une base de donn\u00e9es mise \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement (via updatedb), ce qui la rend tr\u00e8s rapide.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Recherche par motif\u00a0: Elle utilise des jokers (wildcards) similaires \u00e0 ceux du shell, et non des expressions r\u00e9guli\u00e8res.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    Syntaxe des motifs avec locate<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    Joker<\/strong><\/th>Signification<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    *<\/td>Correspond \u00e0 n’importe quelle cha\u00eene de caract\u00e8res (y compris vide).<\/td><\/tr>
    ?<\/td>Correspond \u00e0 un seul caract\u00e8re (n’importe lequel).<\/td><\/tr>
    […]<\/td>Correspond \u00e0 un caract\u00e8re parmi ceux list\u00e9s (ex: [abc]).<\/td><\/tr>
    [!…]<\/td>Correspond \u00e0 un caract\u00e8re non list\u00e9 (ex: [!abc]).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    Exemples d’utilisation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    Besoin<\/strong><\/th>Commande avec locate<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    Trouver tous les fichiers contenant \u00ab\u00a0test\u00a0\u00bb<\/td>locate \u00ab\u00a0*test*\u00a0\u00bb<\/td><\/tr>
    Trouver les fichiers commen\u00e7ant par \u00ab\u00a0doc\u00a0\u00bb<\/td>locate \u00ab\u00a0doc*\u00a0\u00bb<\/td><\/tr>
    Trouver les fichiers se terminant par \u00ab\u00a0.txt\u00a0\u00bb<\/td>locate \u00ab\u00a0*.txt\u00a0\u00bb<\/td><\/tr>
    Trouver les fichiers avec un caract\u00e8re inconnu<\/td>locate fichier?.txt (ex: \u00ab\u00a0fichier1.txt\u00a0\u00bb)<\/td><\/tr>
    Trouver les fichiers avec un caract\u00e8re dans une liste<\/td>locate fichier[1-3].txt (ex: fichier1.txt, fichier2.txt)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Utilisation : Recherche rapide de fichiers en utilisant une base de donn\u00e9es pr\u00e9-index\u00e9e (plus rapide que find, mais moins flexible). Syntaxe de base locate [option] \u00ab\u00a0motif\u00a0\u00bb Rechercher un fichier par son nom : locate \u00ab\u00a0nom_du_fichier.txt\u00a0\u00bb Pour rechercher tous les fichiers .pdf dans \/home\/dominique, de mani\u00e8re insensible \u00e0 la casse : locate -i \u00ab\u00a0\/home\/dominique\/*.pdf\u00a0\u00bb Remarques importantes Base de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2747","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2747","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2747"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2747\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2748,"href":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2747\/revisions\/2748"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/artheodoc.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2747"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}